What is Transformer?

 A transformer is an electrical device that is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another by means of electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary winding, which are wound around a common magnetic core.

When an alternating current (AC) is passed through the primary winding, it produces a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The voltage induced in the secondary winding is proportional to the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings, and is typically either stepped up or stepped down, depending on the requirements of the circuit.

Transformers are used for a variety of purposes in electrical circuits, including:

Voltage transformation: Transformers are commonly used to step up or step down the voltage of an AC power source, making it suitable for use in different applications.

Isolation: Transformers are also used to isolate one part of a circuit from another, preventing the flow of current between them.

Impedance matching: Transformers can be used to match the impedance of a load to that of the source, ensuring maximum power transfer between the two.

Signal coupling: Transformers can be used to couple the signal from one circuit to another, allowing the signal to be transmitted without the need for a direct electrical connection.

Transformers are available in a range of sizes and configurations, from small, low-power units used in electronic devices to large, high-voltage transformers used in power transmission and distribution systems.